Sebastiaan Bierema is research fellow in the governance strand of the Public Housing & Urban Regeneration programme. He completed his PhD in political theory at the University of Galway—his thesis explored the parallels between populism and early twentieth-century utopianism, with a specific focus on urban spaces and ideology. His research and teaching interests are in cities and the built environment, urban spaces and hostile architecture, democratic theory, utopianism, populism, and conspiracy theories.